Molecular Beam Epitaxy of Nonstoichiometric Semiconductors and Multiphase Material Systems

When arsenides are grown by molecular beam epitaxy at low substrate temperatures, as much as 2% excess arsenic can be incorporated into the epilayer. This excess arsenic is in the form of antisites, but there is also a substantial concentration of gallium vacancies. With anneal, there is a significant decrease in the arsenic antisite and gallium vancancy concentrations as the excess arsenic precipitates. With further anneal, the arsenic precipitates coarsen. This combination of low substrate temperature molecular beam epitaxy and a subsequent anneal results in a broad spectrum of materials, from highly defected epilayers to a two-phase system of semimetallic arsenic precipitates in an arsenide semiconductor matrix. These materials exhibit some very interesting and useful electrical and optical properties.     

用无衍射光子束写入细微图形的CAM技术

本文提出了用无衍射光子束写入细微图形的新方法,从理论上论证了无衍射光子束的生成机理.设计了无衍射光子束的发生装置.介绍了已研制成功的CAM光刻机.     

Shock waves in an elliptical cavity with varying height

Transient shock waves in a confined elliptical chamber are experimentally investigated. Quantitative results of the pressure distribution are obtained for an air-filled cavity. Lower bounding surfaces of different geometrical shapes can be inserted making it possible to get chambers with varying height. An electrical discharge across a pair of electrodes inside the cavity gives rise to the shock waves. Double pulsed holographic interferometry is used to study the propagation and focusing process of the waves. The results are quantitatively evaluated by using the method of two-reference-beam holography. The angular pressure distribution behind the converging wave front is presented for different geometries of an air-filled cavity. The pressure distribution is non-homogeneous but symmetric along the wave front. The pressure level is higher for the geometry where the height of the chamber decreases with the radial distance from the outgoing focus and lower for increasing height of the chamber. In addition, shock waves in a water-filled cavity are studied. In this case qualitative results are obtained. Received 3 November 1996 / Accepted 5 January 1997     

Thermal neutron polarisation

The basic principle for the production of polarised thermal neutrons is discussed and the choice of various crystal monochromators surveyed. Brief mention of broad-spectrum polarisers is made. The application of polarised neutrons to the study of magnetisation density distributions in magnetic crystals, the dynamic concept of polarisation, principle and use of polarisation analysis, the neutron spin-echo technique are discussed.     

Characterization of Ultra‐Thin Temperature‐Responsive Polymer Layer and Its Polymer Thickness Dependency on Cell Attachment/Detachment Properties

Ultra thin poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) modified glass coverslips (PIAPAm‐CS) using electron beam irradiation exhibited a clear relationship between the polymer thickness and thermal cell adhesion/detachment behavior. The polymer thickness dependency and the characteristic of ultra thin PIPAAm layer, has been illustrated in terms of the molecular motion of the modified PIPAAm chains. PIPAAm‐CSs surfaces with various area‐polymer densities and thicknesses were characterized by AFM and protein adsorption assay. The newly obtained results gave a further insight into the illustration. Finally, the future application of intelligent surfaces was discussed for fabricating tissue and organ.

     

Interaction of a high-order Bessel beam with a submerged spherical ultrasound contrast agent shell - Scattering theory

Background and objective

Acoustic scattering properties of ultrasound contrast agents are useful in extending existing or developing new techniques for biomedical imaging applications. A useful first step in this direction is to investigate the acoustic scattering of a new class of acoustic beams, known as helicoidal high-order Bessel beams, to improve the understanding of their scattering characteristics by an ultrasound contrast agent, which at present is very limited.

Method

The transverse acoustic scattering of a commercially available albuminoidal ultrasound contrast agent shell filled with air or a denser gas such as perfluoropropane and placed in a helicoidal Bessel beam of any order is examined numerically. The shell is assumed to possess an outer radius a = 3.5 microns and a thickness of ∼105 nm. Moduli of the total and resonance transverse acoustic scattering form functions are numerically evaluated in the bandwidth 0 < ka? 3, which corresponds to a frequency bandwidth of 0-205 MHz that covers a wide range of applications for imaging with contrast agents. Particular attention is paid to the shell’s material, the content of its interior hollow region and the fluid surrounding its exterior. The contrast agent shell is assumed to be immersed in an ideal compressible fluid so the viscous corrections are not considered. Analytical equations are derived and numerical calculations of the total and resonance form functions are performed with particular emphasis on the effect of varying the half-cone angle, the order of the helicoidal Bessel beam as well as the fluid that fills the interior hollow space.

Results and conclusion

It is shown that shell wave resonance modes can be excited on an encapsulated micro-bubble. The forward and backscattering vanish for a helicoidal high-order Bessel beam. Additionally, the fluid filling the inner core affects the shell’s response significantly. Moreover, there is no monopole contribution to the axial scattering of a helicoidal Bessel beam of order m ? 1 so that the dynamics of contrast agents would be significantly altered. The main finding of the present theory is the suppression or enhancement for a particular resonance that may be used to advantage in imaging with ultrasound contrast agents for clinical applications.     

HL-2Aװ��ECRHϵͳ�����������

应用准光学原理设计了HL-2A装置电子回旋共振加热(ECRH)系统新的集束天线,该天线能使4束68GHz/500kW/1s电子回旋波通过椭球镜聚焦和平面镜的反射,从一个直径350mm装置窗口同时注入托卡马克,对等离子体实现加热。根据基模高斯束的传播原理得出,在装置环向横截面中心处单条波束的功率密度为158MW•m-2,功率密度降为中心密度的1/e2的半径为31.7mm,微波束经过镜面聚焦和反射产生的欧姆损失和衍射损失分别为0.27%和0.64%。利用有限元分析软件Ansys对镜面进行热分析得到,在1s脉冲载荷下最大镜面温升仅为0.47℃,镜面可以自然冷却。     

Development of diamond-based X-ray detection for high-flux beamline diagnostics

High‐quality single‐crystal and polycrystalline chemical‐vapor‐deposition diamond detectors with platinum contacts have been tested at the white‐beam X28C beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source under high‐flux conditions. The voltage dependence of these devices has been measured under both DC and pulsed‐bias conditions, establishing the presence or absence of photoconductive gain in each device. Linear response consistent with the theoretically determined ionization energy has been achieved over eleven orders of magnitude when combined with previous low‐flux studies. Temporal measurements with single‐crystal diamond detectors have resolved the nanosecond‐scale pulse structures of both the NSLS and the APS. Prototype single‐crystal quadrant detectors have provided the ability to simultaneously resolve the X‐ray beam position and obtain a quantitative measurement of the flux.     

高斯光束通过克尔介质的光强分布研究

以亚当姆预测 校正系统数值计算方法为基础,在同时考虑光束通过克尔介质后的相位和光束线型变化的情况下,利用惠更斯 菲涅尔衍射积分公式,对高斯光束通过克尔介质后的近场和远场的横向光强分布进行了研究.结果表明：当高斯光束通过“薄”介质的出射面时,不仅仅相位发生了变化,而且光强线型分布也不再呈理想的高斯分布,而是有一系列丝状的近高斯分布.光束通过克尔介质后,无论是在近场还是远场,其光束总能量分布都被发散了.结果同时表明：光束通过正克尔介质后的远场光强分布主要集中在中心附近,并逐渐向边缘减弱,而光束通过负克尔介质后远场光束能量主要集中在边缘.